The core reason for using ACDC chips in charger products is that they can efficiently and safely achieve energy conversion and management, while meeting the diverse demands of modern electronic devices for charging performance. Here is a specific analysis:
Realize efficient conversion from alternating current to direct current
The alternating current (AC) output from the power grid cannot directly supply power to electronic devices, and the core task of the charger is to convert 220V/110V AC to the low-voltage direct current (DC) required by the device. The ACDC chip completes this conversion process through rectification, filtering, high-frequency switching modulation, and other steps:
High frequency switching technology (such as flyback and LLC topology): replaces traditional linear power supplies, improves conversion efficiency to over 90%, and reduces energy loss (such as the GaN chip DK065G with an efficiency of up to 95%);
Dynamic adjustment capability: Real time adjustment of output voltage (such as 5V/9V/12V) according to device requirements, suitable for charging scenarios of multiple devices such as mobile phones and tablets.
Support fast charging protocol and intelligent compatibility
Modern fast charging technology relies on the protocol parsing and dynamic response capabilities of ACDC chips
Protocol handshake: Communicate with devices through fast charging protocols such as USB PD and QC, intelligently matching the optimal voltage/current combination (such as 20V/5A to achieve 100W fast charging);
Multi protocol compatibility: Single chip integration of multiple protocol decoding modules (such as Yacheng microchip supporting Huawei SCP, OPPO VOOC), solving cross brand device compatibility issues.
Reducing volume and increasing power density
Traditional chargers have a large volume due to their transformer and heat dissipation design, while ACDC chips promote miniaturization through technological innovation:
High frequency design: Increase the switching frequency to the MHz level (such as GaN chips), significantly reducing the size of transformers;
Sealing technology: Integrating and packaging controllers, driver circuits, and power devices (such as the Dongke DK series) to reduce the volume of the 65W fast charging head to the traditional 30W level;
Heat dissipation optimization: Reduce losses and reliance on heat sinks through soft switching technology (ZVS/ZCS).
Ensure safety and reliability
The ACDC chip has multiple built-in protection mechanisms to avoid safety hazards during the charging process:
Circuit protection: overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection functions automatically cut off abnormal outputs (such as NXP TEA1916T chip);
Temperature management: Real time monitoring of chip temperature and triggering load shedding or shutdown to prevent overheating damage;
EMI suppression: Integrated PFC (power factor correction) and filtering circuit to reduce electromagnetic interference, in compliance with FCC, CE and other certification standards.
Meet energy efficiency and environmental protection requirements
Global energy efficiency regulations, such as EU CoC V5 and China's Level 6 energy efficiency, impose strict requirements on the standby power consumption and conversion efficiency of chargers
Low standby power consumption: using primary feedback technology (such as UnionPay U6117D chip), voltage stabilization can be achieved without optocouplers, and standby power consumption is less than 30mW
Green design: By using synchronous rectification and soft switching technology to reduce energy waste, it helps achieve carbon emission reduction goals.
Promote technological iteration and user experience upgrade
The technological advancement of ACDC chips directly empowers charger innovation:
Gallium Nitride (GaN) Popularization: Breaking through the limits of silicon-based devices and achieving higher power density (such as a 120W charger that is only the size of a palm);
Digital control: supports remote configuration of I ² C interface parameters (such as TI UCC28780), suitable for intelligent charging scenarios;
Wireless charging integration: Some chips integrate wireless power supply control modules, promoting the integrated design of "wired+wireless".
The ACDC chip is the core engine for chargers to achieve efficient, safe, and intelligent charging. It not only solves the basic needs of energy conversion, but also meets users' high standards for fast charging, portability, and safety through protocol compatibility, miniaturized design, multiple protection, and other functions. With the continuous breakthroughs in technologies such as GaN and digital control, ACDC chips will further promote the evolution of chargers towards higher power, smaller size, and greater intelligence.