From the perspective of product application market, BMS battery protection boards can be classified according to the demand characteristics of different fields, as follows:
Electric transportation vehicles
Electric bicycles/motorcycles
Mainly used for the protection of new national standard lithium batteries, it needs to meet the requirements of lightweight (vehicle ≤ 55kg) and high safety. The BMS battery protection board needs to support single cell voltage monitoring, overcharge/overdischarge protection, and be compatible with lithium iron phosphate or ternary lithium batteries. Due to the limitations of lead-acid batteries, the market prospects for lithium battery protection boards are broad, and in the future, they need to be compatible with intelligent functions such as Bluetooth communication and remote monitoring.
New energy vehicles (passenger cars/buses/logistics vehicles)
Passenger cars: mainly using ternary batteries, the BMS battery protection board needs to support high-precision SOC estimation (such as Kalman filtering algorithm), multi series parallel management (such as 16-32 series), active/passive balancing technology, and meet vehicle standard reliability (such as AEC-Q200 certification).
Bus/logistics vehicle: biased towards lithium iron phosphate batteries, BMS battery protection board technology has lower difficulty, focuses on cost control and large capacity management, and often adopts passive balancing solutions.
Industrial equipment category
AGV robot/electric forklift
The BMS battery protection board needs to support high rate discharge (above 20C), withstand vibration and wide temperature range (-40 ℃~85 ℃), and have fast response short-circuit protection function. Industrial grade design requires the use of high-voltage resistant MOSFETs and tantalum capacitors, with PCBA coated with three proof paint to resist dust and moisture.
Medical equipment/mining equipment
Medical equipment must comply with the IEC 60601 standard, with leakage current controlled below 10 μ A, and ensure patient safety through isolation circuits.
Mining equipment needs to integrate explosion-proof shell linkage mechanism, and BMS battery protection board should prioritize cutting off external loads to avoid the risk of electric sparks.
Energy storage system category
Household/Industrial and Commercial Energy Storage
Household energy storage: Low voltage to high voltage system iteration, BMS battery protection board needs to support small capacity cell (such as 50Ah) management, pay attention to safety and cost optimization, and often use passive balancing.
Industrial and commercial energy storage: It is necessary to support high-voltage platforms (above 100V), cloud platform data exchange (such as SOC remote monitoring), and be compatible with daisy chain communication to reduce costs.
Grid side/large capacity energy storage
The BMS battery protection board must have a multi-layer architecture (master control+slave control+master control), support thermal runaway management (such as aerogel isolation technology), and comply with UL 2054, IEC 62133 and other certifications.
Consumer electronics
Mobile phone/Bluetooth headset/drone
Emphasis is placed on miniaturization and low-power design, with a focus on single protection boards, supporting high-precision current detection (± 1% accuracy) and ultra-thin packaging. The drone scenario requires additional support for high rate discharge and temperature adaptive management.
Smart Home/Portable Devices
The BMS battery protection board needs to integrate intelligent wake-up function, extend standby time, and achieve APP interconnection through Bluetooth or WiFi, supporting user-defined parameter adjustment.
Special vehicles and equipment
Golf Cart/Sightseeing Cart/Ship
The BMS battery protection board needs to adapt to complex environments (such as waterproof and moisture-proof), support multi series parallel management (such as 24 series 72V), and integrate with the vehicle control system through CAN bus to achieve data exchange and fault warning.
Technology Trends and Market Directions
Intelligence and cloud management: The BMS battery protection board gradually integrates IoT modules to achieve cloud data analysis and remote strategy optimization, such as transmitting data to the intelligent cloud platform through 4G/Bluetooth.
High precision algorithm: using neural networks or Kalman filtering to improve SOC estimation accuracy and dynamically adapt to battery aging.
Cost and reliability balance: Passive balancing is still mainstream (accounting for over 80% of the market), but active balancing has increased its penetration rate in high-end fields such as passenger cars.
From the above classification, it can be seen that the design of BMS battery protection board needs to closely meet the technical requirements and market standards of the application scenario. The future development direction will focus on intelligence, high integration, and multi scenario adaptability.