What are the categories of energy storage power sources?

The categories of energy storage power sources can be classified according to energy storage methods, operating characteristics, technical types, etc. The following is a detailed classification introduction:
1、 Classified by energy storage method
Mechanical energy storage: including pumped storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage, etc. Pumped storage power stations use the electricity generated during low power loads to pump water to the upper reservoir, and then release water to the lower reservoir for power generation during peak power loads. They have the characteristics of large energy storage capacity and high efficiency, but slow response and high geographical requirements. Compressed air energy storage utilizes the electricity generated during periods of low power load to compress and store air in underground mines or caves under molten rock, and releases compressed air when needed to drive steam turbines for power generation. Flywheel energy storage is the process of storing energy through a high-speed rotating flywheel, which has the advantages of fast charging and discharging speed and long lifespan.
Electromagnetic energy storage: including superconducting energy storage, supercapacitor energy storage, etc. Superconducting energy storage uses coils made of superconductors to store magnetic field energy, which has the characteristics of fast response speed and high efficiency, but the cost is relatively high. Supercapacitors use the double layer principle of supercapacitors to store electrical energy, which has the advantages of fast charging and discharging speed and long cycle life.
Electrochemical energy storage: including lead-acid batteries, lead carbon batteries, lithium-ion batteries, sodium sulfur batteries, flow batteries, etc. Lithium ion batteries have various advantages such as high energy, long service life, and light weight, and are widely used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants. Lead acid batteries are widely used in projects with low charging and discharging frequency requirements due to their low initial cost.
Thermal energy storage: including thermal storage, cold storage, etc. Thermal energy storage technology achieves energy storage and release by storing thermal energy, and is suitable for situations that require temperature regulation or providing thermal energy.
Chemical energy storage: including hydrogen energy storage, synthetic natural gas energy storage, etc. Hydrogen energy storage technology produces hydrogen gas through electrolysis of water and stores it, which is then converted into electrical energy through fuel cells when needed.
2、 Classified by operational characteristics
Power type energy storage power supply: With the characteristic of fast charging and discharging speed, it is generally used in instantaneous high-power charging and discharging situations, such as power grid frequency regulation.
Energy storage power supply: It has the characteristics of large capacity and long charging and discharging time, and is applied in situations where high energy storage capacity is required, such as peak shaving and valley filling in the power grid.
3、 Classified by technology type
Battery energy storage system: The battery pack is combined with an AC/DC converter to store and release electrical energy, thereby ensuring smooth power supply. In wind power systems, battery energy storage systems can store electrical energy when the wind is strong and release it when the wind is weak to make up for the power generation shortfall.
Thermal energy storage system: Coupled with thermal power units, it improves the load regulation and heating capacity of the units by storing and releasing thermal energy.