BMS (Battery Management System) protection board is the core component of lithium battery safety and performance management. Its classification methods are diverse, mainly based on dimensions such as functionality, application scenarios, and technical architecture. The following are the main classifications and related technical characteristics of BMS battery protection boards:
1、 Classified by battery cell material
1. Three element lithium battery protection board
Suitable for ternary lithium batteries (voltage range 2.7-4.2V), commonly used in fields such as electric vehicles and consumer electronics, requiring matching with the charging and discharging characteristics of high-energy density batteries.
2. Lithium iron phosphate battery protection board
Designed for lithium iron phosphate batteries (voltage range 2.5-3.6V), it has higher thermal stability and cycle life, and is commonly used in energy storage power stations, low-speed electric vehicles, and other scenarios.
2、 Classified by Function and Architecture
1. Hardware protection board
Basic functional type: It only realizes overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, and short-circuit protection, relies on fixed circuit design, has low cost, and is suitable for scenarios with simple functional requirements (such as small energy storage devices).
Intelligent software type: integrating programmable chips, supporting remote upgrade (OTA), parameter adjustment, and complex algorithms (such as SOC/SOH estimation), suitable for scenarios that require dynamic management (such as intelligent electric vehicles, cloud energy storage systems).
2. Classification of Balanced Techniques
Passive balancing: voltage balancing is achieved through resistance energy dissipation, which is low-cost but inefficient, suitable for small capacity, low string battery packs (such as electric tools).
Active balancing: using inductors or capacitors to transfer energy, with a balancing efficiency of up to 92%, suitable for high string and large capacity power battery packs (such as electric vehicles and energy storage stations).
3、 Classified by application scenario
1. Electric transportation vehicles
Two wheel/three wheel: Supports 16-24 series battery packs, current range 100-500A, integrated anti-theft tracking (GPS) and anti-interference design.
High speed electric motorcycles and electric vehicles: need to be matched with high power output (such as 4C fast charging), wide temperature range adaptability (-20 ℃ to 60 ℃), and thermal runaway prevention mechanism.
2. Energy storage system
Home energy storage: supports multi pack parallel connection (such as 16 packs), compatible with mainstream inverter protocols (such as Growatt and Goodway), and has remote monitoring and fault warning functions.
Grid level energy storage: manages tens of thousands of batteries, supports peak valley frequency regulation and black start, with a cycle efficiency of over 92%.
3. Industrial and Special Scenarios
AGV/forklift: requires high current active balancing (above 10A) and wide voltage range (3-24 series) to ensure stability under high loads.
Consumer electronics: miniaturized design (such as MAX17320 chip), low power consumption (μ A standby), supports Bluetooth wireless monitoring.
4、 Classified by technical parameters
1. Number of strings and current specifications
Range of string numbers: 3-32 strings, commonly seen as 7 strings (24V), 13 strings (48V), and 20 strings (72V).
Current capability: The continuous discharge current ranges from 30A to 500A, and the overcurrent protection threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the application scenario.
2. Communication interface
Wired communication: supports industrial protocols such as CAN, RS485, ModBus, etc., used for automotive grade and energy storage systems.
Wireless Communication: Integrated with Bluetooth, Wi Fi, and 4G modules, enabling remote monitoring of mobile apps and cloud data management.
5、 Classified by hardware structure
1. Centralized architecture
The main control module (BMU) integrates all functions, has low cost but limited scalability, and is suitable for small battery packs.
2. Distributed architecture
The main control unit (BMU) and sub control unit (CMU) are separated, supporting multi module collaboration, suitable for large-scale energy storage systems and high-precision management requirements.
6、 Development Trends
Intelligence and Integration: Embedding AI algorithms to achieve self-learning fault diagnosis, chip level integration reduces wiring harness costs by 30%.
Safety redundancy design: Through ASIL-D certification, it meets the ISO 26262 standard and enhances the level of thermal runaway protection.
Cloud edge collaboration: Combining 5G and cloud computing to achieve remote upgrading and lifespan prediction of battery clusters.
The classification of BMS battery protection boards is multidimensional and the technology iteration is rapid. Users need to choose an adaptation solution based on specific needs, such as battery type, application scenario, and functional complexity. Enterprises such as Mingtang and Zhongying Electronics continue to promote breakthroughs in product safety, efficiency, and intelligence through technological innovation.